Tube rail, solid rod, plate and flexible cable — heat-balance method per IEC TR 61597 (2021). Indicative, not a certification value.
Mind the contact material/joints: bare Al/Cu often 90°C, silver-plated 105°C, insulated cable per insulation class (PVC 70°C, XLPE 90°C).
0.3–0.6 m/s = common reference point for outdoor installations without specific wind data.
Bare/polished ≈0.2 · weathered ≈0.4–0.5 · matte/dark painted ≈0.85.
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